How to level up: gain experience points.

You gain experience by winning battles, or by repelling attacks. The number of experience points you gain depends on the relative level difference between you and your opponent.

-3 (or more) levels = 0 xp
-2 levels = 1 xp
-1 level = 2 xp
same level = 3 xp
+1 level = 4 xp
+2 (or more) levels = 5 xp

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Okay, revenue is not based on free land.. it is based on overall acreage, mines and trade agreements.
In a nutshell:

10 gold per acre owned (even if it has building on it)
30 gold per mine (in addition to the acreage gold)

If you are NOT a Mogul then you can also get a bonus percentage on the above total
5% per trade agreement (max 3 = 15%)
5% per alliance (max 1 = 5%)

If you are a Mogul then you can also get a bonus percentage on the above total
10% per trade agreement (max 5 = 50%)
10% per alliance (max 1 = 10%)

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